Gas diffusion ratio in the soil compared to its diffusion in the atmosphere (DP/D0) and air permeability in the soil (Ka) is a function of soil physical characteristic, including pore size, pore continuity, and air porosity. Also, gas diffusion in soil is different based on the shape, Moisture content, size, and pore tortuosity. In this study, 30 soil samples from different textural classes were prepared as undisturbed soil using a steel cylinder. At different Moisture contents, DP/D0 values were measured with oxygen diffusion unsteady method and Ka was measured using falling head method. Finally, DP/D0 and Ka changes at various soil Moisture levels and regression equations showing their relation were obtained. The results indicated that with increasing soil Moisture, DP/D0 and Ka decreased as logarithmic function such that the maximum values of these two properties were achieved at low soil Moisture and their minimum values at near saturation Moisture. The obtained R2 values for DP/D0 and Ka (0.75 and 0.58, respectively) showed that, assuming other soil physical properties remain constant, we could use these relationships to estimate DP/D0 from the amount of soil Moisture with relatively good accuracy and considerable reliability, thus, by this method, the direct measurement of these two properties is not required.

Gas diffusion ratio in the soil in compare to diffusion in the atmosphere (DP/DO) and air permeability in the soil (Ka) is a function of soil physical characteristic, including pore size, continuity and air porosity. Also gas diffusion in soil is different based on the shape, Moisture content (q), size and pore tortuosity. Therefore direct measurement is difficult and time consuming. In this study, 30 number of soil samples from different texture classes were prepared as undisturbed soil using a steel cylinder. At different eeffective saturation (Se) and q content, DP/DO values were measured with oxygen diffusion unsteady method and Ka was measured with falling head method. The regression equation of their variation with the Moisture and Se was obtained. The results showed that with increase in soil q and Se, DPIDO and Ka decreased as a logarithmic function. Maximum and minimum value are obtained, at low and high humidity (near saturation), respectively. Analysis of the results according to R2, RMSE and GMER showed that use Se caused a significant increase in the accuracy of estimated. Also based on the results, the amount of soil Se qand q can be used to estimate DP/DO and Ka, without direct measurement of them.

Cucumber is one of the important greenhouse vegetables in Iran and the world. Cucumber is a warm and temperate season crop and is very sensitive to soil Moisture regimes conditions. In order to model the effect of mixing soil with sawdust on the yield of greenhouse cucumber under different Moisture regimes, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments included sawdust-free treatment (control) and a combination of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% sawdust and amount of water were considered at two levels of 45% and 65% of field capacity and a stress-free level. Using response surface method, the results showed that, based on the variables of sawdust percentage and Moisture level, the best yield model is the second degree model with a regression coefficient of 0. 85. Also, the effect of available Moisture levels on yield was linear and, in contrast, the effect of sawdust percentage on yield was a quadratic function. Also, assuming the least available Moisture and the lowest percentage of sawdust mixing (i. e. 13. 7% of sawdust and 43. 6% of field capacity), the highest yield was 86. 6 tons/ha with a degree of desirability of 0. 6. Also, assuming the least available Moisture and change of sawdust between zero to 40 % (27. 6% of sawdust and 47% of field capacity), the highest yield was 93. 6 tons/ha, with a degree of desirability of 0. 8. The results showed that, in any specific Moisture regime, with increase in the amount of sawdust, root indices, except the main root length, had an increasing trend with decrease in available water. Besides, in each of the Moisture regimes treatments, an increasing trend of yield was observed with increase in the amount of sawdust. Considering the nonlinear effect of changes in Moisture regime and sawdust mixing rate on greenhouse cucumber yield, in order to achieve the best yield, sawdust mixing ratio should be determined for each soil.

In this research, thin-layer drying of tomato slices was simulated via a laboratory scale hot air dryer. The drying process was carried out at two different temperatures (60 and 70oC). Drying data were fitted to 8 drying kinetic models. The goodness of fit was determined by means of R2, RMSE and c2, it was concluded that Logarithmic model represented the best performance. Also, physicochemical properties of tomato slice such as shrinkage, acidity, pH and color were determined during drying. The result indicated that drying air temperature had a significantly affect on the color change of tomato slices. Furthermore, in this research, tomato slice favorite is evaluated by sensory evaluation. In this test sense qualities as color, aroma, flavor, appearance and chew ability (tissue brittleness) are considered. The results revealed that air temperature had a significant effect on the appearance (P<0.01). The results showed that perceptron neural network with logsig activation function as a goodness activation function can be estimated Moisture ratio with R2 value 0.996.

Introduction: Clinical use of the late responses during routine neurophysiological examination has significantly increased the diagnostic yield of the neurophysiological evaluation. The H max to M max ratio (H/M ratio) is considered a suitable index for illustrating the level of reflex excitability of the motor pool.Methods: In this study posterior tibial nerve H/M ratio changes in cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) evaluated. This investigation was carried out in 22 normal subjects aged 40-65 years with mean 52 years, and in 40 patients with CVA aged 42-63 years with mean 57 years.Results: In normal subjects no significant differences were found between the mean values observed between right and left sides. In patients significant increased H/M ratios in both sides with more in non-plegic leg (P<0.01) were found. The facilitation of Babinsky sign in patients is significantly associated with low H/M ratios (P=0.003). The H/M ratio changes were not significantly associated with severity of hemiplegia (P=0.3 for lower extremities, P=0.9 for upper extremities). The H/M ratio was increased in ischemic lesions (P<0.01), but in intracerebral hemorrhages the soleus H/M ratio increases in non-plegic side the same as the plegic side.Conclusion: The posterior tibial nerve H/M ratios are increased in CVA bilaterally due to decreased presynaptic inhibition Ia terminals, thus amplitude of H reflexes increased without increased amplitude of M response.

The method of selection of the study design decides the type of analysis 10 be used. Case-Control studies assess the causes of a particular outcome, comparing a group of individuals who have experienced the outcome under study with a group who have net.Results appear as a two by two table. As these two groups are sampled separately, the rate of the disease in the exposed or unexposed groups can not be calculated. However, the Odds ratio can be obtained. The Odds ratio is sometimes referred to as the cross product ratio.                        Cases                            Controls Exposed            a                                  b Unexposed         c                                  d Odds ratio (a/b)I (c/d) = ad/bc